Fixing Gun

“Fixing Gun” is a broad term that often refers to the maintenance, repair, or modification of firearms, ranging from simple cleaning and lubrication to complex part replacement or custom enhancements.

It’s about ensuring a firearm operates safely, reliably, and accurately, whether for sport, self-defense, or professional use. This isn’t just about patching up a broken piece.

It’s about understanding the mechanics, diagnostics, and precise adjustments that keep these intricate machines in prime condition.

For many enthusiasts, the process of ‘fixing’ a gun is a hands-on endeavor that deepens their understanding and appreciation of their tools.

Here’s a breakdown of essential products that can aid in maintaining and enhancing firearms:

• Wheeler FAT Wrench:

  

  • Key Features: Adjustable torque settings 10-65 in/lbs, precise measurement for scope rings, bases, and action screws.
  • Average Price: $60-$80
  • Pros: Prevents over-tightening, crucial for optics and critical components. repeatable accuracy.
  • Cons: Can be pricey for a specialized tool. specific range of torque might not cover all needs.

• Real Avid Armorer’s Master Kit:

  • Key Features: Comprehensive set for AR-15 maintenance, includes armorer’s wrench, bench block, pivot pin tool, torque wrench, and more.
  • Average Price: $200-$300
  • Pros: All-in-one solution for AR-15 owners, high-quality tools, saves money compared to buying individually.
  • Cons: Primarily focused on AR-15 platform. might be overkill for basic maintenance on other firearms.

• Hoppe’s No. 9 Gun Bore Cleaner:

  • Key Features: Classic solvent for removing powder, lead, and rust from firearm bores. distinctive scent.
  • Average Price: $5-$10 for a small bottle
  • Pros: Highly effective at dissolving fouling. widely available and trusted for decades.
  • Cons: Strong odor some find it pleasant, others not. requires good ventilation. not ideal for all modern coatings.

• FrogLube CLP:

  • Key Features: Cleaner, Lubricant, Protectant CLP in one. bio-based, non-toxic, and biodegradable.
  • Average Price: $15-$25 for a standard bottle
  • Pros: Environmentally friendly. leaves a slick, protective film. reduces fouling buildup. pleasant minty smell.
  • Cons: Requires heating the metal for initial application. can be less effective in extremely cold temperatures if not properly applied.

• Lyman Universal Gun Cleaning Kit:

  • Key Features: Multi-caliber kit with rods, brushes, jags, patches, and accessories for various firearm types.
  • Average Price: $40-$70
  • Pros: Versatile for different calibers. provides a good foundation for general cleaning. durable case.
  • Cons: Components might not be top-tier for every specific caliber. some users might prefer individual, specialized kits.

• Birchwood Casey Perma Blue Liquid Gun Blue:

  • Key Features: Cold bluing solution for touch-ups and re-bluing small areas of steel firearms.
  • Average Price: $10-$20
  • Pros: Easy to apply for minor scratches and wear. good for restoring cosmetic appearance. cost-effective alternative to professional re-bluing.
  • Cons: Not as durable as hot bluing. results can vary depending on surface preparation. requires careful application to avoid uneven finish.

• Tipton Best Gun Vise:

  • Key Features: Highly adjustable, non-marring clamps to securely hold firearms for cleaning, maintenance, or gunsmithing.
  • Average Price: $70-$100
  • Pros: Provides a stable platform for various tasks. protects firearm finish. adjustable for different firearm sizes and shapes.
  • Cons: Can be bulky for small workspaces. might not fit all niche firearm configurations.

The Foundation of Firearm Maintenance: Why It Matters

Maintaining a firearm isn’t just a suggestion. it’s a critical discipline for anyone who owns or uses one. Think of it like tuning up a high-performance engine. You wouldn’t skip oil changes on your race car, right? The same goes for firearms. Neglecting maintenance leads to a cascade of problems: malfunctions, decreased accuracy, premature wear, and—most importantly—safety hazards.

The Core Pillars of Firearm Longevity

Every component, from the barrel to the firing pin, is subjected to immense pressures and friction. Without proper care, these parts degrade.

• Reliability: A clean and well-lubricated firearm cycles smoothly. Carbon buildup, residue, and old lubricant can cause short stroking, failures to feed, and failures to extract. In a critical situation, whether hunting or self-defense, a reliable firearm is non-negotiable.
• Accuracy: Fouling in the bore significantly impacts projectile flight. Copper and lead buildup can create inconsistencies, causing shots to stray from the intended point of impact. A clean bore is a consistent bore.
• Safety: This is paramount. Rust and corrosion can weaken critical components like springs, pins, and the locking lugs. A weakened part can fail catastrophically, leading to injury. Proper lubrication also ensures all safety mechanisms function as intended.
• Investment Protection: Firearms are often significant investments. Regular maintenance preserves their value and extends their operational lifespan. A well-maintained firearm can last generations.

Understanding Common Issues Addressed by Maintenance

Many operational problems can be traced back to a lack of proper care.

• Failure to Feed FTF: Often caused by dirty magazines, a dry chamber, or a dirty feed ramp. Carbon buildup can hinder proper cartridge seating.
• Failure to Eject/Extract FTE: This is frequently due to a fouled chamber, a weak extractor spring, or excessive carbon around the extractor.
• Light Primer Strikes: Can be caused by a dirty firing pin channel, a weak hammer spring, or a worn firing pin.
• Rust and Corrosion: The arch-nemesis of steel. Moisture, humidity, and salts from sweat or powder residue can lead to pitting and degradation. This is particularly prevalent in humid climates or after exposure to rain. A good CLP like FrogLube CLP can provide a protective barrier.
• Excessive Wear: Unlubricated metal-on-metal contact accelerates wear on critical components like slide rails, bolt carriers, and trigger components.

Essential Tools for Every Firearm Owner’s Bench

Just as a master chef needs the right knives, a firearm owner needs the right tools.

Attempting to “fix” or maintain a firearm without proper equipment can lead to damage, frustration, and even safety risks. This isn’t about collecting every gadget.

It’s about having the fundamental implements that ensure precision and prevent marring your investment.

The Core Toolkit: What You Absolutely Need

You don’t need a professional gunsmith’s shop, but a few key items will elevate your maintenance game significantly.

• Cleaning Rods and Brushes: Specific to caliber, these are the frontline for bore cleaning. A good quality brass or coated rod won’t scratch your barrel. A Lyman Universal Gun Cleaning Kit offers a great starting point for multi-caliber needs.
  • Types of Brushes:
    • Bore Brushes: Typically bronze or nylon, for scrubbing the bore. Bronze is aggressive, nylon is gentler.
    • Chamber Brushes: Designed for the specific contours of the chamber.
    • Utility Brushes: Small nylon or brass brushes for scrubbing carbon from intricate parts.
• Jags and Patches: Jags hold patches snugly, pushing them through the bore to apply solvent and wipe away residue. Patches are critical for a thorough clean.
• Bore Snakes: A quick alternative for a field clean or a fast pass-through, especially useful when deep cleaning isn’t immediately possible.
• Screwdrivers and Punches: Specific sizes and types are crucial for firearm disassembly. Using the wrong size can strip screw heads or mar pins. Wheeler’s F.A.T. Wrench kits often come with various bits suitable for firearms.
• Bench Block: A polymer or rubber block with various holes and cutouts designed to support firearm components during pin removal or installation without damaging them. The Real Avid Armorer’s Master Kit includes an excellent bench block.
• Non-Marring Hammer: Often nylon or brass, these hammers are used for gently tapping out pins without deforming metal components.
• Gun Vise: A stable platform is a must. It holds your firearm securely, freeing both hands for intricate work. The Tipton Best Gun Vise is highly recommended for its versatility.
• Torque Wrench: Absolutely vital for optics mounting and critical action screws. Over-tightening can strip threads, warp components, or damage expensive optics. Under-tightening leads to components loosening under recoil. The Wheeler FAT Wrench is a standout tool for this purpose.
  • Data Point: Many optics manufacturers specify torque settings for their rings and bases, often in the 15-25 inch-pound range. Deviating from these can void warranties or lead to point-of-impact shifts.
• Optics Cleaning Kit: Separate from your firearm cleaning kit. Microfiber cloths, lens cleaning solutions, and lens pens are essential for maintaining clear glass without scratching.

Why Quality Tools Pay Off

It’s tempting to grab the cheapest multi-tool, but with firearms, precision matters.

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• Prevent Damage: Poorly fitting tools are the leading cause of stripped screws, marred finishes, and broken parts.
• Efficiency: The right tool makes the job faster and less frustrating. Ever tried removing a stubborn pin with the wrong punch?
• Safety: Securely holding a firearm in a vise while working on it is infinitely safer than balancing it on a workbench.

Expert Tip: Before tackling any major disassembly, consult your firearm’s owner’s manual or a reputable armorer’s guide. These often include detailed diagrams and step-by-step instructions.

The Science of Cleaning: Solvents, Lubricants, and Protectants CLP

The world of firearm chemicals can seem overwhelming, but at its heart, it revolves around three core functions: cleaning, lubricating, and protecting.

Understanding what each does and how they interact is crucial for optimal firearm performance and longevity.

Solvents: The Dirt Dissolvers

Solvents are designed to break down the nasty byproducts of combustion and projectile travel.

• Carbon Fouling: The black, sooty residue left behind by burning gunpowder. It builds up rapidly and can cause sluggish action, especially in gas-operated systems like AR-15s.
• Copper Fouling: As a bullet travels down the bore, tiny amounts of copper from the jacket are scraped off and deposited in the rifling. Over time, this can build up, reducing accuracy and potentially causing dangerously high pressures if severe.
• Lead Fouling: Common in unjacketed lead bullets, lead buildup can be significant and very hard to remove.
• Rust: An electrochemical process where iron reacts with oxygen and water, forming iron oxides. Solvents can help remove light surface rust, but preventing it is key.

Classic Examples:

• Hoppe’s No. 9 Gun Bore Cleaner: A legendary solvent, highly effective against powder, lead, and light rust. Its distinct smell is almost synonymous with gun cleaning. It does a fantastic job penetrating and breaking down fouling.
• Specialized Copper Removers: Products like BoreTech Eliminator or Sweet’s 7.62 are specifically formulated to aggressively dissolve copper fouling. Caution: Many of these are ammonia-based and should not be left in the bore for extended periods, as they can etch steel if left too long. Always follow manufacturer instructions.

Lubricants: Reducing Friction and Wear

Lubricants create a film between moving metal parts, reducing friction, heat, and wear.

This ensures smooth operation and prevents premature failure.

• Viscosity Matters: Different firearms and operating conditions may benefit from different lubricant viscosities. A semi-automatic rifle often needs a slightly heavier oil than a fine target pistol.
• Areas to Lubricate:
  • Slide rails on pistols
  • Bolt carrier group BCG on AR-15s
  • Trigger components sparingly
  • Springs that rub against housing
  • Anywhere you see metal-on-metal contact during cycling.

Examples:

• Light Gun Oils: Suitable for most general lubrication tasks. Many CLPs serve this function.
• Greases: Thicker lubricants, often used on high-friction areas like slide rails on larger pistols or shotguns, where oil might migrate too quickly.
• Synthetic Lubricants: Often boast wider temperature ranges and longer lasting properties.

Protectants: Guarding Against the Elements

Protectants form a barrier on metal surfaces, shielding them from moisture, humidity, and corrosive elements. This is crucial for preventing rust and corrosion. Bowflex Max Trainer M6 Reddit

• Rust Inhibitors: Chemicals that actively deter the formation of rust.
• Water Displacement: Many protectants displace water, ensuring that moisture doesn’t sit on metal surfaces.

The All-in-One: CLP

CLP stands for Cleaner, Lubricant, and Protectant.

These products are designed to perform all three functions, offering convenience and often good performance for general maintenance.

• FrogLube CLP: A popular bio-based CLP that gained significant traction for its non-toxic properties and unique application method often requiring warming the metal for best absorption. It leaves a slick, protective film that reduces future fouling adhesion.
• Ballistol: Another classic, multi-purpose CLP that is even food-safe in some applications. It emulsifies with water, making it good for cleaning black powder firearms.

Choosing the Right Chemical:

• For heavy fouling: Start with a dedicated solvent like Hoppe’s No. 9.
• For regular maintenance: A high-quality CLP like FrogLube CLP can often suffice.
• For long-term storage: A dedicated protectant or a heavier gun oil might be preferred.

Key Takeaway: Never over-lubricate. Excess lubricant can attract dirt, become gummy, and potentially interfere with firearm operation. A thin, even coat is almost always better.

Disassembly and Reassembly: The Art of Field Stripping and Beyond

Understanding how to properly disassemble and reassemble your firearm is not just about cleaning.

It’s fundamental to diagnosing issues, replacing parts, and ensuring safe operation.

While “field stripping” is common for routine cleaning, delving deeper requires more specialized knowledge and tools.

Field Stripping: The First Line of Defense

Field stripping is the basic level of disassembly, designed for routine cleaning and lubrication.

It typically involves removing the slide/bolt, barrel, and recoil spring assembly.

• Purpose: To access the areas that get most fouled by gunpowder residue and lead/copper buildup – the bore, chamber, bolt face, and slide rails.
• Benefits:
  • Routine Cleaning: Essential after every shooting session to prevent carbon buildup and corrosion.
  • Lubrication: Allows for precise application of lubricant to key friction points.
  • Basic Inspection: Provides an opportunity to check for obvious signs of wear or damage on major components.
• How-To General Steps:
  1. Safety Check: ALWAYS verify the firearm is unloaded. Remove the magazine, visually and physically check the chamber.
  2. Follow Manual: Refer to your firearm’s owner’s manual for specific instructions. Each firearm has unique disassembly steps e.g., pulling down a takedown lever, removing a pin.
  3. Component Removal: Carefully remove the barrel, recoil spring, and slide/bolt assembly.
  4. Clean and Inspect: Use appropriate solvents and brushes to clean all accessible parts. Inspect for cracks, excessive wear, or deformation.
  5. Lubricate: Apply a thin layer of lubricant to all metal-on-metal contact points.
  6. Reassemble: Reassemble in reverse order, ensuring all parts are correctly seated and functional. Perform a function check without ammunition to confirm safe operation.

Data Point: According to industry experts, approximately 70% of firearm malfunctions are directly attributable to a lack of proper cleaning and lubrication. Field stripping addresses the majority of these common issues. Hypervolt App Review

Detail Stripping: When Deeper is Better

Detail stripping goes beyond field stripping, involving the removal of smaller, more intricate components like firing pins, extractors, ejectors, and trigger groups.

• Purpose:
  • Thorough Cleaning: To reach areas inaccessible during field stripping where carbon and debris can accumulate, especially in the firing pin channel or under the extractor.
  • Part Replacement: Necessary for replacing worn springs, pins, or damaged components.
  • Customization/Upgrades: Required for installing aftermarket triggers, sights, or other internal modifications.
  • Troubleshooting: Essential for diagnosing complex malfunctions that may stem from internal component issues.
• Tools Required: This is where specific punches, non-marring hammers, and a good bench block become indispensable. The Real Avid Armorer’s Master Kit provides an excellent selection of tools for AR-15 detail stripping.
• Considerations:
  • Complexity: Detail stripping can be complex, and certain components are under spring tension. Take pictures or videos during disassembly to aid reassembly.
  • Manuals/Guides: Invest in an armorer’s manual specific to your firearm, or consult detailed online video guides from reputable sources.
  • Small Parts: Be organized. Use a mat with compartments or small containers to keep track of tiny pins and springs.
  • Risk of Damage: Improper tools or techniques can easily damage parts, leading to costly repairs. If unsure, consult a qualified gunsmith.

Function Check: The Final Step in Safety

After any level of disassembly and reassembly, a thorough function check is critical to ensure the firearm is safe and operating correctly. This is always done with no ammunition present.

• Typical Function Check Steps:
  1. Dry Fire: Ensure the hammer/striker falls when the trigger is pulled.
  2. Safety Engagement: Test the safety mechanism to confirm it prevents the hammer/striker from falling when engaged.
  3. Reset: Check that the trigger resets correctly after firing.
  4. Magazine Insertion/Removal: Ensure magazines insert and release smoothly.
  5. Slide/Bolt Lockback: Verify the slide or bolt locks back on an empty magazine if applicable.
  6. Ejector/Extractor Check: For some firearms, checking extractor tension is possible.

Never skip the function check. It’s your last line of defense before live firing to catch any assembly errors.

Diagnosing Common Firearm Malfunctions and Solutions

A firearm malfunction can be frustrating, but understanding the root cause is the first step to a solution.

Many issues stem from simple causes and can be “fixed” with basic maintenance, while others might require part replacement or a gunsmith’s expertise. The key is systematic troubleshooting.

Understanding the “Immediate Action” vs. “Corrective Action”

Before into diagnosis, it’s important to differentiate.

• Immediate Action IA: This is what you do immediately when a malfunction occurs e.g., Tap, Rack, Bang for a semi-auto. It’s designed to quickly get the firearm back into operation in a defensive or competitive scenario. It doesn’t diagnose the root cause.
• Corrective Action: This is the process of diagnosing and fixing the underlying problem that caused the malfunction in the first place, usually done after the range session or in a safe environment.

Common Malfunctions and Their Potential Causes

Let’s break down the most frequent culprits.

1. Failure to Feed FTF

The cartridge doesn’t fully enter the chamber, or the slide/bolt doesn’t close completely.

• Symptoms: Round stuck on feed ramp, slide partially open, bolt not fully forward.
• Common Causes:
  • Dirty Chamber/Feed Ramp: Carbon and debris prevent the cartridge from smoothly sliding into place. Solution: Thorough cleaning with a bore cleaner like Hoppe’s No. 9 and proper lubrication on the feed ramp.
  • Magazine Issues: Damaged feed lips, weak magazine spring, or excessive dirt in the magazine. Solution: Disassemble and clean magazines, replace springs if weak, or replace the magazine entirely.
  • Insufficient Lubrication: Dry slide rails or bolt carrier group can cause sluggish movement. Solution: Apply FrogLube CLP or another suitable lubricant.
  • Weak Recoil Spring: Not enough force to strip and chamber the next round. Solution: Replace the recoil spring.
  • Ammunition Issues: Out-of-spec rounds e.g., too long, damaged casings. Solution: Try different ammunition.

2. Failure to Eject FTE / Failure to Extract FTX

The spent casing is not properly removed from the chamber.

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• Symptoms:
  • “Stovepipe”: Spent casing caught vertically in the ejection port.
  • “Double Feed”: A spent casing remains in the chamber, and a new round tries to feed behind it.
  • Spent casing left in chamber after firing.
  • Weak or Dirty Extractor: The extractor claw isn’t gripping the rim of the casing effectively. Carbon buildup under the extractor is common. Solution: Detail clean the extractor and its spring. Replace the extractor spring if weak. The Real Avid Armorer’s Master Kit contains tools for AR-15 extractor maintenance.
  • Dirty Chamber: Excessive carbon or corrosion in the chamber makes the spent casing stick. Solution: Thorough chamber cleaning.
  • Insufficient Gas Rifles: For gas-operated rifles like AR-15s, not enough gas to cycle the action fully. Can be due to a clogged gas port, loose gas key, or underpowered ammunition. Solution: Inspect gas system, clean gas port, ensure gas key is properly staked.
  • Weak Ejector Spring: The ejector isn’t pushing the casing out forcefully enough. Solution: Replace the ejector spring.
  • “Limpy Wrist” Pistols: Improper grip that allows the frame to absorb recoil instead of the slide cycling fully. Solution: Improve grip and stance.

3. Light Primer Strike

The firing pin doesn’t strike the primer hard enough to ignite the propellant.

• Symptoms: “Click” instead of “bang,” with an indentation on the primer but no ignition.
  • Dirty Firing Pin Channel: Carbon or debris slows the firing pin’s movement. Solution: Detail clean the firing pin channel and firing pin.
  • Weak Hammer/Striker Spring: Not enough force generated to strike the primer. Solution: Replace the spring.
  • Primer Issues: Hard primers, or primers seated too deeply. Solution: Try different ammunition.
  • Excessive Lubrication in Firing Pin Channel: Gummy oil can slow down the firing pin. Solution: Clean thoroughly and lubricate sparingly, or use a dry lubricant in the firing pin channel.

4. Failure to Go into Battery FTB

The slide/bolt doesn’t fully close, leaving a gap.

• Symptoms: Slide slightly open, often preventing the trigger from resetting.
  • Dirty Chamber/Feed Ramp: Prevents the cartridge from fully seating. Solution: Clean thoroughly.
  • Insufficient Lubrication: High friction on slide rails or bolt carrier. Solution: Lubricate generously.
  • Barrel Lug/Locking Block Wear: Can prevent the barrel from fully locking into place. Solution: Inspection by a gunsmith, potential barrel or locking block replacement.
  • Out-of-Spec Ammunition: Cartridge dimensions prevent full seating. Solution: Try different ammunition.

A Systematic Approach to Troubleshooting

1. Clean and Lubricate: Perform a thorough cleaning and re-lubricate the firearm correctly. Many issues resolve here.
2. Ammunition Check: Test with different, reliable ammunition. Sometimes, it’s the ammo, not the gun.
3. Magazine Swap: If applicable, try different magazines. Magazines are a common source of feeding issues.
4. Spring Inspection: Check recoil, extractor, and ejector springs for weakness or damage. These are wear items.
5. Component Inspection: Detail strip and inspect smaller components firing pin, extractor, ejector for damage, excessive wear, or buildup.
6. Professional Help: If the problem persists, or you’re uncomfortable with deep disassembly, take it to a qualified gunsmith. They have specialized tools and expertise to diagnose and repair complex issues.

Remember: Safety first. Always ensure the firearm is unloaded before attempting any diagnostic or repair work.

Upgrades and Customization: Enhancing Performance and Ergonomics

Beyond simply “fixing” what’s broken, many firearm owners choose to upgrade and customize their firearms. This isn’t just about aesthetics.

It’s about tailoring the tool to the user, enhancing performance, improving ergonomics, and optimizing it for specific uses.

Why Upgrade?

Upgrades serve various purposes, from competitive advantage to increased comfort and utility.

• Ergonomics: Making the firearm more comfortable and intuitive to operate.
• Accuracy: Improving precision, especially for target shooting or long-range applications.
• Reliability: In some cases, replacing stock components with higher-quality aftermarket parts can improve function.
• Recoil Management: Reducing felt recoil for faster follow-up shots or more comfortable shooting.
• Versatility: Adding accessories or features that expand the firearm’s capabilities.
• Personalization: Making the firearm uniquely yours.

Popular Upgrade Categories

Let’s explore some common areas of firearm enhancement.

1. Trigger Systems

One of the most impactful upgrades for accuracy and shootability. A good trigger can transform a firearm.

• Types:
  • Reduced Pull Weight: Lighter triggers require less force, minimizing disturbance to the sight picture during the pull.
  • Crisper Break: Eliminating “creep” movement before the hammer/striker releases leads to a more predictable shot.
  • Shorter Reset: The distance the trigger must travel forward before it can fire again. A shorter reset allows for faster follow-up shots.
  • Safety: Ensure any aftermarket trigger meets safety standards and is properly installed. Some extremely light triggers are not suitable for self-defense firearms.
  • Installation: Trigger work can be complex and often requires a knowledgeable gunsmith or specialized tools like the Wheeler FAT Wrench for precise torque settings on housing screws.
• Example: Upgrading an AR-15 mil-spec trigger to a Geissele or Timney drop-in trigger can dramatically improve feel and performance.

2. Optics and Sighting Systems

Enhancing target acquisition and precision.

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• Red Dot Sights: Fast, intuitive aiming for close to medium ranges. Popular on pistols and rifles.
  • Installation: Requires careful mounting to avoid damage and ensure zero retention. Use a Wheeler FAT Wrench to torque scope rings and mounts to manufacturer specifications.
• Riflescopes: Essential for precision shooting at longer ranges.
  • Features: Magnification, reticle type, focal plane, illumination.
• Iron Sights: Upgrading stock iron sights e.g., to fiber optic, tritium night sights, or adjustable target sights can improve visibility and precision.

3. Barrels

A higher quality or specialized barrel can significantly improve accuracy.

• Match Grade Barrels: Produced with tighter tolerances and higher quality materials for superior accuracy.
• Fluted Barrels: Reduces weight and increases surface area for cooling.
• Threaded Barrels: Allows for the attachment of muzzle devices compensators, flash hiders, suppressors.
• Considerations: Barrel replacement typically requires specialized tools and expertise, often best left to a gunsmith.

4. Stocks, Grips, and Handguards

Improving ergonomics and control.

• Adjustable Stocks: For rifles, allows for proper length of pull adjustment for different shooters or shooting positions.
• Ergonomic Grips: Replacement pistol grips or rifle stocks can offer better texture, shape, and fit for the shooter’s hand, improving control and comfort.
• M-LOK/Picatinny Handguards: For rifles, allows easy attachment of accessories like lights, lasers, bipods, and foregrips.

5. Muzzle Devices

Attached to the end of the barrel to manage recoil, flash, or sound.

• Compensators/Muzzle Brakes: Redirect gases to reduce felt recoil and muzzle rise.
• Flash Hiders: Designed to minimize visible muzzle flash, particularly useful in low light.
• Suppressors Silencers: Reduce sound signature. Note: These are NFA regulated devices and require special permits and taxes.

The “Fixing” Aspect of Upgrades

Sometimes, an upgrade is a “fix” for a perceived deficiency.

• Poor Accuracy: A match-grade barrel or improved trigger can “fix” perceived accuracy issues assuming the shooter’s fundamentals are sound.
• Harsh Recoil: A muzzle brake or heavier buffer can “fix” excessive felt recoil.
• Uncomfortable Handling: A new grip or stock can “fix” poor ergonomics.

Important Note: When performing upgrades, especially those that involve internal components or torque specifications, always consult the manufacturer’s instructions for the upgrade part and potentially your firearm’s manual. Tools like the Tipton Best Gun Vise provide a stable platform for these more intricate tasks.

Rust Prevention and Bluing: Preserving Your Firearm’s Finish

Rust is the enemy of any steel firearm.

It degrades metal, weakens components, and destroys finishes.

Preventing rust is a continuous battle, and understanding how to combat it, as well as how to restore a finish, is crucial for long-term firearm preservation.

The Mechanism of Rust and Its Impact

Rust iron oxide forms when iron or steel comes into contact with oxygen and moisture. Even high humidity can be enough. Things To Do To Help Fall Asleep

Salts from sweat, gunpowder residue accelerate this process significantly.

• Surface Rust: A reddish-brown discoloration on the surface. If caught early, it can often be removed without lasting damage.
• Pitting: If surface rust is left untreated, it can eat into the metal, creating small pits. These pits weaken the metal and are permanent.
• Functional Impact: Rust on springs, pins, or inside the bore can cause malfunctions and reduce accuracy. Rust on external surfaces destroys the aesthetic and reduces resale value.

Strategies for Rust Prevention

Prevention is always easier and cheaper than remediation.

1. Cleaning After Use: Powder residue is hygroscopic attracts moisture and acidic. Clean your firearm promptly after every shooting session. Use a quality solvent like Hoppe’s No. 9 to remove these corrosive elements.
2. Proper Lubrication and Protection: Apply a thin, even coat of a good quality rust preventative or CLP Cleaner, Lubricant, Protectant to all metal surfaces, inside and out.
   • CLPs: Products like FrogLube CLP are designed to leave a protective film that repels moisture.
   • Dedicated Protectants: For long-term storage or in humid environments, consider a heavier protectant like Rust Inhibiting Grease or specialized gun oils.
3. Humidity Control:
   • Storage Location: Avoid storing firearms in damp basements, attics, or garages where humidity fluctuates wildly.
   • Dehumidifiers: Use a room dehumidifier in your gun room or safe.
   • Desiccants: Silica gel packets or larger desiccant canisters rechargeable types are best absorb moisture within a gun safe or cabinet.
   • GoldenRod Dehumidifier Rods: These low-wattage heating rods slightly raise the temperature inside a safe, preventing condensation and circulating air.
4. Handling: Wear gloves when handling firearms for extended periods, especially when cleaning or maintaining. The salts and oils from your skin can cause fingerprints that lead to rust spots.
5. Regular Inspection: Periodically check firearms in storage for any signs of rust, especially in hidden areas or crevices.

Bluing: Restoring the Finish

Bluing is a chemical process that creates a protective layer of black or sometimes blue-black iron oxide on steel, providing some corrosion resistance and an aesthetic finish.

It’s not as robust as modern coatings like Cerakote, but it’s the traditional finish for many classic firearms.

Types of Bluing:

• Hot Bluing: The most durable and professional bluing method. Steel parts are immersed in a bath of caustic salts and high temperatures. This creates a deep, durable black finish. This is a professional process, not typically done at home.
• Cold Bluing: A simpler, at-home method for touch-ups or re-bluing small areas. It’s applied at room temperature and uses a different chemical process.
  • Product Example: Birchwood Casey Perma Blue Liquid Gun Blue.
  • Application:
    1. Thorough Cleaning: Absolutely critical. The surface must be completely free of oil, grease, rust, and old finish. Degrease with denatured alcohol or a strong degreaser.
    2. Surface Preparation: Lightly abrade the surface with fine steel wool or sandpaper e.g., 400-600 grit to ensure even adhesion.
    3. Application: Apply the bluing solution evenly with a non-absorbent applicator.
    4. Rinsing and Oiling: Rinse thoroughly with water, then immediately oil the blued surface. This stops the chemical reaction and seals the finish.
  • Pros of Cold Bluing: Easy for touch-ups, relatively inexpensive, no special equipment.
  • Cons of Cold Bluing: Less durable than hot bluing, can be patchy if not applied correctly, not suitable for large areas or heavily pitted metal.

When to Re-Blue vs. Other Finishes:

• For classic firearms, re-bluing can maintain historical accuracy.
• For heavily worn or rusted firearms, cold bluing might be a temporary fix. For a truly durable and even finish, consider professional hot bluing or a modern coating like Cerakote.
• If your firearm is stainless steel, bluing is not an option as it doesn’t contain enough ferrous material.

Data Point: Proper care and storage can extend the life of a firearm’s blued finish by decades. Conversely, neglecting rust prevention can ruin a finish in a matter of weeks in humid conditions.

When to Call a Gunsmith: Knowing Your Limits

While much firearm maintenance and basic “fixing” can be done at home with the right tools and knowledge, there are definite limits to what an amateur should attempt.

Knowing when to call a professional gunsmith is crucial for safety, preserving your firearm, and ultimately, saving you time and money.

What a Gunsmith Does

A gunsmith is a skilled craftsman and technician specializing in the repair, modification, and custom building of firearms. Titan Fitness Reviews

Their expertise extends beyond basic cleaning and part swapping.

• Diagnostics: Identifying complex mechanical issues.
• Precision Machining: Custom fitting parts, reaming chambers, threading barrels.
• Welding and Fabrication: Repairing broken frames, building custom components.
• Refinishing: Professional hot bluing, Cerakote application, parkerizing.
• Barrel Work: Crowning, chambering, headspacing, rebarreling.
• Safety Checks: Comprehensive evaluations of firearm safety and function.
• Legal Compliance: Ensuring modifications comply with local and federal regulations.

Situations Where a Gunsmith is Essential

Don’t gamble with your safety or your investment.

Here are key indicators it’s time to seek professional help:

1. Headspacing Issues: This is critical. Headspace is the distance between the bolt face and the chamber shoulder/breech. Incorrect headspace can lead to dangerous pressure issues, ruptured casings, or even catastrophic firearm failure. A gunsmith has the specialized gauges and expertise to check and correct headspace. This is not a DIY task.
2. Catastrophic Malfunctions: If a firearm blows up, has an out-of-battery detonation, or a squib load bullet stuck in bore, do not attempt to fix it yourself. Take it immediately to a gunsmith for professional inspection and repair.
3. Barrel Work: Reaming chambers, threading barrels for muzzle devices, or replacing a barrel are precision tasks that require specialized lathes and tooling. Improper barrel work can ruin accuracy and be incredibly dangerous.
4. Frame or Receiver Damage: Cracks, bends, or significant damage to the serialized receiver/frame the “firearm” itself are serious. Many times, these require specialized welding or are simply beyond repair, necessitating a new receiver. This isn’t a DIY welding project.
5. Major Internal Component Failure: If a firing pin, hammer, or other critical internal part breaks in a way that suggests material defect or significant stress, a gunsmith can assess the underlying cause and ensure proper replacement.
6. Complex Trigger Work: While some drop-in triggers are DIY-friendly, intricate trigger jobs that involve modifying sear engagement, hammer hooks, or spring tensions require significant expertise to ensure safety and reliable function. A hair trigger or one that can unintentionally discharge is a severe liability.
7. Restoration of Valuables: For antique or highly collectible firearms, a gunsmith with restoration expertise can preserve value and historical integrity. An amateur attempt at refinishing can severely diminish collector value.
8. Accuracy Problems Persistence: If you’ve cleaned thoroughly, tried different ammunition, and ruled out shooter error, but accuracy remains poor, a gunsmith can diagnose issues like barrel wear, bedding problems, or receiver inconsistencies.
9. Any Safety Concern You Can’t Diagnose: If you notice anything unusual e.g., unusual sounds, smoke, parts moving that shouldn’t, gritty feel in the action and can’t pinpoint the cause, stop using the firearm and consult a gunsmith.
10. Lack of Proper Tools or Knowledge: Attempting a repair without the correct tools like the Real Avid Armorer’s Master Kit for AR-15s, or a Wheeler FAT Wrench for precise torque or without understanding the mechanics can cause more damage, making a professional repair more expensive.

Think of it this way: You might change the oil in your car, but you wouldn’t rebuild its transmission without specialized training and tools. Firearms, especially modern ones, are complex machines. When in doubt, a qualified gunsmith is always the safest and most reliable option.

Frequently Asked Questions

What does “fixing gun” generally mean?

“Fixing gun” broadly refers to the maintenance, repair, or modification of firearms to ensure they operate safely, reliably, and accurately.

It can range from routine cleaning to complex part replacement or custom enhancements.

How often should I clean my gun?

You should clean your gun after every shooting session, especially if you’ve fired many rounds or used corrosive ammunition.

Even after light use, a quick cleaning helps prevent carbon buildup and corrosion.

What are the most common gun malfunctions?

The most common malfunctions are Failure to Feed FTF, Failure to Eject FTE or Stovepipe, and Light Primer Strikes. Titan Safety Squat Bar Weight

Many of these are often related to insufficient cleaning, lubrication, or worn springs.

What is a CLP and why is it important?

CLP stands for Cleaner, Lubricant, and Protectant. It’s a single product designed to perform all three functions, simplifying firearm maintenance. Products like FrogLube CLP are popular for their convenience and effectiveness in reducing friction, preventing rust, and dissolving fouling.

Is Hoppe’s No. 9 still relevant for cleaning?

Yes, Hoppe’s No. 9 Gun Bore Cleaner is a classic and highly effective solvent for removing powder, lead, and rust from firearm bores. Its distinctive scent is recognizable to many firearm enthusiasts.

What is field stripping?

Field stripping is the basic level of firearm disassembly, typically involving the removal of the slide/bolt, barrel, and recoil spring.

It’s performed for routine cleaning and lubrication after shooting.

When should I detail strip my gun?

Detail stripping is necessary for thorough cleaning of intricate parts, replacing small internal components like firing pins or springs, or for custom upgrades. It’s more complex than field stripping and often requires specialized tools like those in the Real Avid Armorer’s Master Kit.

Why is a torque wrench important for gun maintenance?

A torque wrench, such as the Wheeler FAT Wrench, is crucial for precisely tightening screws on optics, scope rings, and action screws. Over-tightening can strip threads or damage components, while under-tightening can lead to parts loosening under recoil, impacting accuracy.

What is “limp wrist” and how does it affect pistol function?

“Limp wrist” is a common shooting error where a shooter’s grip is not firm enough, allowing the pistol frame to absorb too much recoil energy.

This can prevent the slide from cycling fully, leading to malfunctions like Failure to Eject stovepipes or Failure to Feed. Wen Gn400I Review

Can I use any oil to lubricate my gun?

No, it’s best to use oils specifically designed for firearms.

Automotive oils or general-purpose oils may contain additives that can harm firearm finishes or accumulate carbon and gum up over time.

How do I prevent rust on my firearms?

Prevent rust by cleaning thoroughly after every use, applying a protective layer of CLP or rust preventative, and controlling humidity in storage using dehumidifiers or desiccants.

Avoid touching bare metal with bare hands as skin oils can cause rust.

What is gun bluing?

Bluing is a chemical process that forms a protective, black iron oxide layer on steel firearms, providing some corrosion resistance and a traditional aesthetic finish. Birchwood Casey Perma Blue Liquid Gun Blue is a common cold bluing product for touch-ups.

Is cold bluing as durable as hot bluing?

No, cold bluing is generally less durable and provides less corrosion resistance than hot bluing.

Cold bluing is best for touch-ups on small areas, while hot bluing is a professional process for a more robust and uniform finish.

When should I take my gun to a professional gunsmith?

You should take your gun to a gunsmith for complex issues like headspacing problems, barrel replacement, significant receiver damage, advanced trigger work, persistent accuracy issues you can’t solve, or any safety concerns you can’t diagnose.

What is a gun vise used for?

A gun vise, such as the Tipton Best Gun Vise, securely holds a firearm in place, freeing both hands for cleaning, maintenance, scope mounting, or other gunsmithing tasks. It prevents the firearm from moving and protects its finish.

Are aftermarket triggers worth it?

Yes, aftermarket triggers are often considered one of the most impactful upgrades. Best Asus 4K Monitor

They can offer reduced pull weight, a crisper break, and a shorter reset, leading to improved accuracy and faster follow-up shots.

What is the purpose of a muzzle brake?

A muzzle brake or compensator is a device attached to the end of a barrel that redirects propellant gases to reduce felt recoil and minimize muzzle rise, making the firearm more controllable, especially for rapid firing.

What’s the difference between a bore brush and a chamber brush?

A bore brush is designed to clean the rifled interior of the barrel, while a chamber brush is specifically contoured to clean the firearm’s chamber, which has different dimensions and can accumulate significant fouling.

Can I clean a gun without disassembling it?

You can do a superficial clean without full disassembly, but for a thorough cleaning that removes carbon and residue from critical areas, some level of disassembly at least field stripping is necessary.

How often should I replace springs in my firearm?

Springs are wear items and their lifespan varies, but they should be replaced when they show signs of weakness, deformation, or when malfunctions like failures to feed or eject become frequent.

Consulting your firearm’s manual for recommended replacement intervals is a good practice.

What is the purpose of a bench block?

A bench block, often included in kits like the Real Avid Armorer’s Master Kit, is a specialized tool with various holes and cutouts that supports firearm components during the removal or installation of pins, preventing damage to the gun’s finish or parts.

Can I use steel wool to remove rust from my gun?

Fine steel wool 0000 grade can be used carefully to remove light surface rust, often with oil.

However, aggressive scrubbing can damage the finish.

Always test in an inconspicuous area first, and be gentle. Action Massage Gun Review

How do I properly lubricate an AR-15 bolt carrier group?

The AR-15 bolt carrier group requires generous lubrication, especially on the bolt rings, cam pin, and carrier rails. A good CLP like FrogLube CLP should be applied to these friction points to ensure smooth operation.

What does “staking” mean in firearms?

Staking refers to a process where a small amount of metal is displaced to secure a screw or component, preventing it from loosening under vibration or recoil.

It’s commonly seen on AR-15 gas keys and castle nuts.

Is it necessary to clean a new gun before shooting?

Yes, it’s generally recommended to clean a new gun before its first use.

This removes any factory grease, debris, or manufacturing residue that could impede proper function.

What is a “squib load”?

A squib load is a dangerous malfunction where a cartridge fires with insufficient power, often leaving the bullet lodged in the barrel instead of exiting.

If you suspect a squib, stop firing immediately and do not attempt to clear it by firing another round. A gunsmith can safely remove it.

How do I choose the right cleaning kit for my guns?

Choose a cleaning kit that covers the calibers of your firearms. A universal kit like the Lyman Universal Gun Cleaning Kit is a good starting point, but you might want to buy specific brushes and jags for your most frequently used calibers.

Can humidity damage stored ammunition?

Yes, high humidity can degrade ammunition over time, leading to tarnished casings, corroded primers, and reduced powder effectiveness.

Store ammunition in cool, dry conditions, preferably in sealed containers with desiccants. Nordictrack 1750 Features

What are tritium night sights?

Tritium night sights use small vials of tritium a radioactive isotope to provide a self-illuminating glow in low-light conditions, allowing for faster sight alignment without the need for external light sources.

Is it safe to repair my gun myself?

Basic maintenance, cleaning, and simple part replacement are generally safe for a knowledgeable individual with the right tools.

However, complex repairs, issues related to safety mechanisms, or any concerns about catastrophic failure should always be handled by a qualified gunsmith to ensure safety and proper function.