Tigerweb.co Review 1 by

Tigerweb.co Review

Updated on

tigerweb.co Logo

The site aims to help businesses establish a professional online presence and expand their reach.

Here’s an overall review summary:

  • Clarity of Services: Clear, concise descriptions of website creation and social media management services.
  • Ease of Navigation: Simple, user-friendly interface.
  • Trust Signals: Features testimonials from several clients, including links to their websites, which adds a layer of credibility.
  • Contact Information: A readily available “Get a free consultation” call to action leading to a contact page.
  • Pricing Transparency: Lacks direct pricing information, requiring a consultation.
  • About Us/Team Information: Limited detailed information about the team or company history directly on the homepage, which can be a red flag for some.
  • Ethical Considerations: Services offered website development, social media management are generally permissible and ethical from an Islamic perspective, as they facilitate business growth and communication, provided the content managed adheres to ethical guidelines. The platform itself doesn’t promote forbidden categories.

Tigerweb.co appears to be a legitimate service for businesses looking to enhance their digital footprint.

While the absence of upfront pricing might be a minor drawback for some, the clear service offerings and client testimonials suggest a professional operation.

For those seeking ethical digital marketing and web development services, Tigerweb.co offers a relevant solution, provided the specific content and marketing strategies align with Islamic principles.

0.0
0.0 out of 5 stars (based on 0 reviews)
Excellent0%
Very good0%
Average0%
Poor0%
Terrible0%

There are no reviews yet. Be the first one to write one.

Amazon.com: Check Amazon for Tigerweb.co Review
Latest Discussions & Reviews:

Here are some of the best alternatives for ethical website development and social media management:

  • WordPress.com:

    • Key Features: User-friendly website builder, customizable themes, robust plugin ecosystem, managed hosting options.
    • Price: Free plan available. paid plans start from $4/month for personal sites up to $45/month for business plans.
    • Pros: Highly flexible, scalable, large community support, good for blogging and e-commerce.
    • Cons: Can have a learning curve for advanced customization, reliance on third-party plugins for certain functionalities.
  • Squarespace:

    • Key Features: All-in-one platform for websites, online stores, and marketing campaigns. elegant design templates. built-in SEO tools.
    • Price: Plans start from $16/month billed annually for personal websites to $49/month for advanced commerce.
    • Pros: Stunning visual templates, intuitive drag-and-drop builder, excellent for portfolio sites and small businesses.
    • Cons: Less flexible than WordPress for highly custom features, transaction fees on lower-tier commerce plans.
  • Wix:

    • Key Features: Highly customizable website builder with AI design capabilities ADI, extensive app market, e-commerce solutions.
    • Price: Free plan available. premium plans start from $17/month for combo plans up to $39/month for business VIP.
    • Pros: Very easy to use, wide range of design options, good for beginners and small businesses.
    • Cons: Websites can be difficult to migrate away from Wix, performance can sometimes be slower for very large sites.
  • Shopify:

    • Key Features: Leading e-commerce platform, comprehensive tools for online stores, inventory management, secure payments, marketing.
    • Price: Basic Shopify starts at $39/month. Shopify Advanced at $399/month.
    • Pros: Best-in-class for online retail, scalable for businesses of all sizes, extensive app store.
    • Cons: Primarily focused on e-commerce, not ideal for non-selling websites, monthly fees can add up with apps.
  • Buffer:

    • Key Features: Social media management tool for scheduling posts, analyzing performance, and engaging with audiences across multiple platforms.
    • Price: Free plan available. Essentials plan starts at $6/month per channel.
    • Pros: User-friendly interface, supports major social media platforms, good analytics.
    • Cons: Limited advanced features compared to some enterprise-level tools, free plan has basic functionalities.
  • Hootsuite:

    • Key Features: Comprehensive social media management dashboard, content scheduling, monitoring, social listening, team collaboration.
    • Price: Professional plan starts at $99/month. Team plan at $249/month.
    • Pros: Powerful analytics, supports a vast number of social networks, strong for team environments.
    • Cons: Can be expensive for small businesses, interface can be overwhelming for new users.
  • Sprout Social:

    • Key Features: All-in-one social media management platform focusing on publishing, analytics, engagement, and listening.
    • Price: Standard plan starts at $249/month. Advanced at $399/month.
    • Pros: Excellent reporting and analytics, strong customer service, good for enterprise-level needs.
    • Cons: High price point, might be overkill for very small businesses or individuals.

Find detailed reviews on Trustpilot, Reddit, and BBB.org, for software products you can also check Producthunt.

IMPORTANT: We have not personally tested this company’s services. This review is based solely on information provided by the company on their website. For independent, verified user experiences, please refer to trusted sources such as Trustpilot, Reddit, and BBB.org.

Table of Contents

Tigerweb.co Review & First Look

When first landing on Tigerweb.co, the immediate impression is one of clarity and professionalism.

The homepage is designed to be straightforward, presenting its core services—social media management and website development—without unnecessary clutter.

This direct approach is commendable as it quickly communicates what the company offers to potential clients.

The prominent call to action, “Get a free consultation,” is well-placed, guiding visitors towards the next step in their engagement.

The aesthetic is clean, utilizing ample white space and a modern font, contributing to a professional feel. Lymtorgo.com Review

The visual hierarchy effectively draws attention to key benefits and service descriptions.

For a company focused on web presence, a well-designed and functional website is paramount, and Tigerweb.co largely delivers on this front.

However, a deeper dive reveals areas that could be enhanced to build even greater trust and provide a more comprehensive overview for a discerning audience.

Initial Impressions of User Interface

The user interface of Tigerweb.co is intuitive.

Navigation is simple, with clear menu options that direct users to specific service pages. Knittingandstitchingshow.com Review

This ease of use suggests a well-thought-out user experience, making it simple for visitors to find information about “Building a Website” or “Social Media Management.”

Brand Messaging and Value Proposition

Tigerweb.co’s brand messaging revolves around two core ideas: “Be seen, be heard” and helping clients stop “feeling confused, overwhelmed or left behind.” This messaging resonates with small and medium-sized businesses that often struggle with establishing a strong online presence.

The value proposition is clear: save time and see growth by letting Tigerweb.co handle the complexities of digital marketing and web development.

The testimonials integrated directly on the homepage reinforce these claims, featuring positive feedback from clients like Gabrielle Gould from the Amherst Business Improvement District and Alex Laguerra Sierra from Amherst Innovative Living, lending significant credibility.

These real-world examples show that the promises of “ease, professionalism and communication” are backed by actual client experiences. Biscotpharmacy.com Review

Tigerweb.co Services Deep Dive

Tigerweb.co explicitly offers two primary services: website creation and social media management.

These services are vital for any modern business aiming to establish or expand its digital footprint.

The website provides dedicated sections for each, detailing what clients can expect.

Website Creation Explained

Tigerweb.co positions itself as a solution for businesses with “Old website or no website?” It promises to design and develop a website that clients can be “proud of.” The key differentiator highlighted is the “Everything in one place” approach, which includes branding strategy, professional photography, and creative content generation.

This integrated service model is appealing as it aims to streamline the process for clients, preventing them from having to coordinate with multiple vendors. Shootersconnectionstore.com Review

The emphasis on a comprehensive solution that handles the entire website development lifecycle, from concept to launch, is a strong selling point.

However, details on the specific technologies used, such as content management systems CMS like WordPress or custom solutions, are not explicitly mentioned on the homepage.

This lack of technical transparency might leave some tech-savvy clients wanting more information.

Social Media Management Overview

For social media, Tigerweb.co addresses the common pain points of a “lack of time or expertise” preventing businesses from being “seen and heard.” They offer custom-tailored content generation and active engagement across various platforms.

The promise of “Never fall behind” implies consistent and strategic social media activity. Neeros.com Review

The service aims to grow the client’s brand while they focus on their core business operations.

This hands-off approach for clients can be highly beneficial, especially for small businesses or individuals who find social media marketing daunting.

The mention of “post/tweet/pin for you” suggests familiarity with popular platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Pinterest, though a more exhaustive list of supported platforms would be helpful for clarity.

Tigerweb.co Trust & Transparency

Tigerweb.co attempts to build trust through testimonials and showcasing client results.

However, there are areas where more transparency could enhance its credibility. Botevpeak.com Review

Client Testimonials and Case Studies

The testimonials on the homepage are a significant strength.

They feature specific names, titles, and even links to the clients’ websites e.g., Amherst Business Improvement District, RealtorAimee.com. This level of detail makes the testimonials feel genuine and provides verifiable proof of client satisfaction.

For instance, Gabrielle Gould’s testimonial highlights their calm professionalism during the C19 shift, and Aimee Kelly praises their consistent monitoring of statistics and genuine care. These are powerful endorsements.

However, while testimonials offer a snapshot of success, full-fledged case studies detailing project scope, challenges, and measurable outcomes would further solidify their claims and provide deeper insights for potential clients.

Missing Information: About Us and Pricing

One noticeable omission on the homepage is a dedicated “About Us” section or comprehensive team information. Gotraders.co Review

While client names like Thomas and Liz are mentioned in a testimonial, a detailed overview of the company’s history, mission, values, or the expertise of its core team members is absent.

This can be a minor red flag for businesses that prefer to understand the people and philosophy behind the service they are hiring.

Additionally, pricing information is not available upfront.

While many service-based businesses prefer to offer custom quotes after a consultation, the absence of even a general pricing tier or package information can make it difficult for potential clients to gauge affordability and fit before committing to a call.

A transparent indication of whether they cater to small startups or large enterprises, or an average project cost range, would be beneficial. Cpastay.com Review

Tigerweb.co Alternatives for Ethical Digital Presence

For businesses committed to establishing an ethical and impactful online presence, several alternatives to Tigerweb.co offer robust solutions for website development and social media management.

These options provide varying degrees of control, customization, and pricing models, allowing businesses to choose what best aligns with their needs and values.

Top Website Development Platforms

For those who prefer a more hands-on approach or wish to understand the underlying infrastructure, direct use of website builders and content management systems is an excellent choice.

  • WordPress.com remains a dominant force. With its immense flexibility and vast ecosystem of themes and plugins, it can be tailored to almost any business need, from simple blogs to complex e-commerce sites. Its open-source nature when using self-hosted WordPress.org ensures long-term control and no vendor lock-in, which is a significant advantage for ethical business practices.
  • Squarespace stands out for its design-centric approach. Businesses looking for a sleek, visually appealing website with minimal fuss will find its templates and intuitive builder highly appealing. It’s an all-in-one platform, simplifying hosting, security, and maintenance, making it suitable for artists, portfolios, and small businesses that prioritize aesthetics.
  • Wix offers unparalleled ease of use, particularly for beginners. Its drag-and-drop editor and extensive app market allow for significant customization without coding knowledge. While sometimes criticized for less portability, it provides a quick and effective way to get online.
  • Shopify is the go-to platform for e-commerce. If the primary goal is to sell products online, Shopify provides a comprehensive suite of tools for inventory, payments, shipping, and marketing. It’s built specifically for online retail and scales well with business growth.

Leading Social Media Management Tools

Managing social media effectively requires consistent effort and strategic planning.

These tools empower businesses to streamline their social media activities. Learnkyc.com Review

  • Buffer is lauded for its user-friendly interface and focus on scheduling and analytics. It allows businesses to plan and automate their social media posts, analyze performance, and engage with their audience efficiently. It supports major platforms and is often favored by small teams and individuals for its simplicity.
  • Hootsuite offers a more comprehensive dashboard, suitable for larger teams and agencies. It provides advanced features like social listening, team collaboration, and robust analytics, enabling businesses to monitor brand mentions, track competitor activities, and manage multiple social profiles from a single dashboard.
  • Sprout Social is positioned as an all-in-one solution for enterprises, offering deep insights into customer engagement, social listening, and extensive reporting. While more expensive, it provides unparalleled analytical capabilities and customer support, making it ideal for businesses that require granular data and advanced strategic planning.

These alternatives provide strong foundations for building and managing a digital presence, allowing businesses to maintain control over their content and strategies, ensuring adherence to ethical guidelines.

How to Work with Digital Agencies Ethically

This involves clear communication, proper vetting, and ongoing oversight of the content and strategies implemented.

Due Diligence Before Engagement

It involves examining their portfolio, asking for references, and understanding their process.

  • Portfolio Review: Scrutinize their past work. Do their client websites look professional and functional? Do their social media campaigns appear engaging and well-executed? Look for diversity in their client base and project types.
  • Reference Checks: Don’t hesitate to ask for client references and actually contact them. Inquire about their experience working with the agency, communication style, responsiveness, and how issues were handled.
  • Process Understanding: Ask about their project management methodology. How do they handle feedback? What are the typical timelines for deliverables? A clear process indicates organization and professionalism.
  • Ethical Alignment: Crucially, discuss content guidelines and ethical boundaries. For example, explicitly state any types of imagery, messaging, or promotional tactics that are unacceptable. Ensure they understand and respect these parameters. This is paramount for businesses adhering to specific religious or moral codes.

Content Control and Oversight

Even after hiring an agency, maintaining control and oversight of the content and strategies they implement is vital.

This requires active participation and regular check-ins. Favoriboutique.com Review

  • Content Approval Workflow: Establish a clear content approval process. All website copy, images, social media posts, and advertising creatives should be reviewed and approved by your team before going live. This prevents any inadvertent posting of inappropriate or misaligned content.
  • Regular Reporting and Analytics: Demand regular reports on website traffic, social media engagement, and campaign performance. Understanding these metrics not only helps you track ROI but also ensures that the agency’s efforts are genuinely beneficial and not just generating vanity metrics. Tools like Google Analytics for websites and native analytics for social media platforms should be utilized.
  • Access and Ownership: Ensure that you retain full ownership and access to all digital assets created, including website files, domain registration, social media accounts, and any created content. In case you decide to switch agencies or manage things internally, this ownership is non-negotiable. This prevents situations where agencies hold your digital assets hostage.

Tigerweb.co Pricing & Contract Considerations

One of the most significant pieces of missing information on the Tigerweb.co homepage is the pricing structure for their services.

This is a common practice for agencies offering custom solutions, as project scopes can vary wildly.

However, it means potential clients need to consider several factors during their initial consultation.

Understanding Custom Quotes

Tigerweb.co explicitly states, “Get a free consultation.” This indicates that their pricing is likely customized based on the client’s specific needs, project complexity, and ongoing management requirements.

For website development, factors influencing cost could include: Algotechs.com Review

  • Number of pages: A small brochure site will cost less than a large e-commerce platform.
  • Custom functionalities: Integration with third-party APIs, custom forms, or unique interactive elements add to the complexity and cost.
  • Design complexity: Bespoke design work is more resource-intensive than adapting a pre-existing template.
  • Content creation: If Tigerweb.co is also responsible for professional photography, copywriting, or video production, these services will incur additional fees.

For social media management, pricing might depend on:

  • Number of platforms managed: Managing Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn simultaneously is more involved than just one.
  • Posting frequency: Daily posts vs. a few times a week impacts the workload.
  • Content type: Creating graphics, videos, or detailed articles is more expensive than simple text posts.
  • Engagement level: Active community management, responding to comments and messages, adds to the service scope.
  • Advertising spend management: If they manage paid social media campaigns, their fees might be a percentage of ad spend.

Contractual Terms and Cancellation Policies

During the consultation, it is imperative to thoroughly discuss the contractual terms. Key aspects to clarify include:

  • Payment Schedule: Is it an upfront payment, milestone-based payments, or monthly retainers?
  • Contract Duration: Are services offered on a monthly, quarterly, or annual basis? What are the terms for early termination?
  • Scope of Work SOW: A detailed SOW document should clearly outline all deliverables, timelines, and responsibilities for both parties. This helps prevent scope creep and disputes.
  • Revision Policy: How many rounds of revisions are included for design and content? What are the costs for additional revisions?
  • Cancellation Policy: Understand the terms for canceling a subscription or terminating a contract. Is there a notice period required? Are there any penalties for early termination? This is particularly relevant if services are recurring, such as social media management.
  • Intellectual Property Rights: Clearly define who owns the intellectual property of the designs, code, and content created during the project. Ideally, all intellectual property developed for your project should transfer to you upon final payment.

Without transparent pricing upfront, potential clients must be diligent in their consultations to gather all necessary information to make an informed decision and ensure the terms are favorable and ethical.

How to Cancel Tigerweb.co Subscription

Since Tigerweb.co primarily offers custom service packages for website development and social media management, the “subscription” aspect likely refers to recurring service agreements or monthly retainers for ongoing management.

There isn’t a direct “cancel button” on their website for automated subscription termination, as would be common for SaaS products. Moyyero.com Review

Therefore, the process for cancellation will be a direct engagement with their team.

Steps to Terminate Services

To cancel services with Tigerweb.co, clients should follow a formal communication process to ensure a smooth transition and adherence to contractual obligations.

  1. Review Your Contract: The absolute first step is to revisit the service agreement or contract you signed with Tigerweb.co. This document will outline the specific terms for termination, including:

    • Notice Period: Most service contracts require a certain notice period e.g., 30, 60, or 90 days before termination can become effective.
    • Early Termination Fees: Check if there are any penalties or fees for ending the contract before its agreed-upon term.
    • Data Handover: The contract should specify how your website files, social media assets, and other data will be handed over to you upon termination.
  2. Formal Written Notification: Once you understand the contractual terms, compose a formal written notification of your intent to cancel. This should be sent via email to your primary contact at Tigerweb.co and, if available, a general support or billing email address. Include:

    • Your company name and contact information.
    • A clear statement of your intention to terminate services.
    • The effective date of termination, calculated according to your contract’s notice period.
    • A request for confirmation of receipt of your cancellation notice.
  3. Discuss Data Handover and Transition: Proactively discuss the process for transferring your website, social media accounts, and any other relevant digital assets. This might involve: Shardait.com Review

    • Providing access credentials securely for your new hosting provider or internal team.
    • Ensuring all website files, databases, and content are provided in a usable format.
    • Transferring ownership or access to social media profiles.
  4. Final Billing and Account Closure: Confirm the final billing cycle and ensure all outstanding invoices are settled. Request a final statement or confirmation that your account is closed and no further charges will be incurred.

Best Practices for Service Transition

When ending a service agreement, especially for critical functions like web development and social media, a smooth transition is key to avoid disruption.

  • Overlap Period: If possible, plan an overlap period where your new provider or internal team can work alongside Tigerweb.co for a short time to ensure continuity.
  • Backup All Data: Before any services are fully terminated, ensure you have comprehensive backups of your entire website, database, and all social media content.
  • Update Passwords: Change all passwords related to your website hosting, domain registrar, and social media accounts once the transition is complete and access from the previous provider is no longer required.

By approaching the cancellation process methodically and professionally, businesses can minimize potential issues and ensure a seamless shift in their digital operations.

Tigerweb.co vs. Competitors

Tigerweb.co positions itself as a comprehensive solution for small to medium-sized businesses needing both website development and social media management.

Agency vs. DIY Platforms

One key distinction is between hiring a full-service agency like Tigerweb.co and using Do-It-Yourself DIY platforms such as WordPress, Squarespace, or Wix. Adwords.com Review

  • Tigerweb.co Agency Model: Offers a hands-off approach for the client. They handle the design, development, content creation, and ongoing management. This is ideal for businesses that lack the internal expertise, time, or desire to manage these tasks themselves. The advantage is expertise, consistency, and a unified strategy managed by professionals. The disadvantage is often a higher cost, less direct control over daily operations, and a reliance on the agency’s internal processes.
  • DIY Platforms e.g., WordPress.com, Squarespace, Wix: These platforms empower businesses to build and manage their online presence independently. They offer templates, drag-and-drop builders, and integrated tools. The advantages include lower costs, full control over content and design, and the ability to make instant updates. The disadvantages are the time commitment required, a steeper learning curve for optimization, and the need for internal resources or hiring freelancers to manage ongoing tasks like content creation and social media scheduling.

Full-Service Digital Agencies

While specific names are not listed on their site, typical competitive differentiators include:

  • Niche Specialization: Some agencies specialize in specific industries e.g., healthcare, real estate or specific services e.g., SEO, paid advertising. Tigerweb.co appears to be more generalist, focusing on fundamental digital presence.
  • Team Size & Structure: Larger agencies might offer a broader range of in-house specialists e.g., dedicated SEO experts, conversion rate optimization specialists, advanced graphic designers. Smaller agencies like Tigerweb.co, based on their homepage, might offer a more personalized, direct relationship with clients, which can be a significant benefit for many businesses.
  • Technology Stack: Some agencies might pride themselves on using specific technologies e.g., custom coding, specific CRM integrations. Tigerweb.co doesn’t highlight its tech stack on the homepage, implying a focus on results rather than the underlying tools.
  • Pricing Models: While Tigerweb.co uses a custom quote model, some competitors might offer tiered packages or project-based fixed fees, providing more upfront cost transparency.

In essence, Tigerweb.co seems well-suited for businesses looking for a partner to manage their core digital presence without getting bogged down in the technical details.

Its competitive edge likely lies in its client testimonials and the promise of a simplified, “everything in one place” solution for web and social media needs.

FAQ

What is Tigerweb.co?

What services does Tigerweb.co offer?

Tigerweb.co primarily offers website creation, including design, development, branding strategy, photography, and content generation, as well as social media management, which includes custom content creation, posting, and brand engagement.

Is Tigerweb.co legitimate?

Based on the information on their homepage, including multiple client testimonials with links to their respective businesses, Tigerweb.co appears to be a legitimate service provider in the digital marketing and web development space. Amirantivirus.com Review

Does Tigerweb.co provide pricing information on its website?

No, Tigerweb.co does not provide explicit pricing information on its homepage.

They encourage potential clients to “Get a free consultation” to discuss their specific needs and receive a custom quote.

How can I contact Tigerweb.co for a consultation?

You can contact Tigerweb.co for a free consultation by clicking on the “Get a free consultation” button prominently displayed on their homepage, which typically leads to a contact form or direct contact details.

Does Tigerweb.co offer professional photography services?

Yes, according to their website, Tigerweb.co includes “professional photography” as part of their comprehensive website creation service, aiming to provide “everything in one place.”

What kind of businesses can benefit from Tigerweb.co’s services?

Tigerweb.co’s services are designed for businesses that want to get online, look professional, and reach more people, suggesting they cater to a broad range of small to medium-sized businesses struggling with their digital presence.

How does Tigerweb.co help with social media?

Tigerweb.co helps with social media by generating custom-tailored content, posting across various platforms like Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, and engaging with the audience to grow the client’s brand.

Are there testimonials from real clients on the Tigerweb.co website?

Yes, the Tigerweb.co homepage features several testimonials from real clients, including their names, titles, and links to their businesses, such as Amherst Business Improvement District and RealtorAimee.com.

What is the process for website creation with Tigerweb.co?

While not fully detailed, the website suggests a comprehensive process that includes design, development, branding strategy, professional photography, and creative content generation, indicating a full-service approach from concept to completion.

Does Tigerweb.co offer content creation services?

Yes, Tigerweb.co mentions “creative content generation” as part of their website creation service and “custom-tailored content” for social media management.

How does Tigerweb.co claim to save time for clients?

Tigerweb.co claims to save time for clients by handling the complexities of website building and social media management, allowing businesses to focus on their core operations.

What should I ask during a free consultation with Tigerweb.co?

During a consultation, you should ask about specific pricing, contract terms, project timelines, their process for revisions, what technologies they use, how they measure success, and their approach to client communication and data ownership.

Does Tigerweb.co provide ongoing website maintenance?

The homepage highlights “Websites and Social Media, built and managed for you,” implying that ongoing management and potentially maintenance services are available, though specifics would need to be confirmed in a consultation.

How does Tigerweb.co handle communication with clients?

Client testimonials mention “great communication” and “calm professional ease,” suggesting that Tigerweb.co prioritizes clear and consistent communication throughout the project lifecycle.

Can Tigerweb.co help with existing websites?

Yes, Tigerweb.co explicitly states they can solve problems related to “Old website or no website,” indicating they can revamp existing sites in addition to building new ones.

What social media platforms does Tigerweb.co support?

While not an exhaustive list, the mention of “post/tweet/pin for you” suggests they support platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Pinterest, and likely others based on client needs.

Does Tigerweb.co manage online advertising?

The homepage focuses on organic social media management and website development.

It does not explicitly mention paid advertising management, which would need to be clarified during a consultation.

What makes Tigerweb.co different from DIY website builders?

Tigerweb.co provides a full-service agency approach, handling all aspects of website and social media management for you, whereas DIY builders require you to do most of the work yourself.

How can I ensure ethical practices when working with Tigerweb.co?

To ensure ethical practices, clearly communicate your content guidelines and values upfront, establish a robust content approval workflow, regularly review their work, and ensure you retain full ownership and access to all your digital assets.



Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *