Uwo Torque

When you hear “UWO Torque,” it’s highly probable that the discussion revolves around the University of Western Ontario’s UWO specialized racing teams, particularly their Formula SAE Society of Automotive Engineers team. This team designs, builds, and races a small, open-wheel, formula-style car, where “torque” is a critical performance metric, directly impacting acceleration, handling, and overall competitive edge. It’s the rotational force that gets things moving, and in the context of a high-performance vehicle, it’s everything from getting off the line to powering through corners. Understanding and optimizing torque output is a core challenge and a significant achievement for these engineering students, showcasing their practical application of theoretical knowledge in mechanical engineering, aerodynamics, and powertrain design. For anyone keen on similar engineering challenges or enhancing their own projects, exploring tools that measure, manage, or generate torque is key.

Here’s a comparison of some top non-edible products relevant to understanding or applying torque, ranging from measurement tools to mechanical components:

• Tekton 1/2-inch Drive Click Torque Wrench

  

  • Key Features: Reversible ratcheting head, audible click when torque setting is reached, high-contrast dual-range scale, durable all-steel construction.
  • Average Price: $45 – $60
  • Pros: Highly accurate for automotive and general mechanical tasks, easy to read and set, excellent value, robust build.
  • Cons: Can be long for tight spaces, requires calibration check over time.

• ACDelco ARM601-4 1/2-inch Digital Torque Wrench

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  Amazon.com: Check Amazon for Uwo Torque Latest Discussions & Reviews:

  • Key Features: Digital display with real-time torque readout, multiple measurement units N-m, ft-lb, in-lb, kg-cm, peak hold and trace modes, audible and visual alerts.
  • Average Price: $150 – $200
  • Pros: Highly precise digital readings, versatile unit options, excellent for critical applications requiring exact torque.
  • Cons: Requires batteries, higher cost than click-type wrenches, display can be hard to see in direct sunlight.

• Powerbuilt 640871 Universal Camshaft Pulley Holder

  • Key Features: Holds camshaft pulleys stationary for proper torque application during timing belt/chain service, adjustable arms for various pulley sizes, durable construction.
  • Average Price: $30 – $45
  • Pros: Essential for preventing pulley rotation during torque application, universal design fits many engines, simplifies complex timing jobs.
  • Cons: Specific use case, might not fit all vehicle models perfectly.

• GearWrench 80550 20-Piece Ratcheting Combination Wrench Set

  • Key Features: Combination of open-end and ratcheting box-end, 5-degree ratcheting arc for tight spaces, surface drive design reduces fastener rounding.
  • Average Price: $100 – $130
  • Pros: Excellent for quickly tightening and loosening fasteners, ratcheting mechanism saves time and effort, durable chrome vanadium steel.
  • Cons: Can be bulky in extremely confined areas, not suitable for precise torque measurement.

• SKF TKSA 11 Shaft Alignment Tool

  • Key Features: Bluetooth connectivity for tablet/smartphone app, intuitive interface, live view for accurate alignment, automated reports.
  • Average Price: $1,500 – $2,000
  • Pros: Crucial for optimizing power transmission and reducing wear on rotating equipment, easy to use with guided measurements, saves energy costs.
  • Cons: High initial investment, requires a smart device, specialized tool for industrial applications.

• Makita XDT16Z 18V LXT Lithium-Ion Brushless Cordless Impact Driver

  • Key Features: Brushless motor for efficiency and longer tool life, 4-speed power selection 0-3,600 RPM/0-3,800 IPM, Extreme Protection Technology XPT for dust/water resistance, 1,600 in.lbs. max torque.
  • Average Price: $130 – $170 tool-only
  • Pros: High torque output for driving fasteners, compact and lightweight, excellent for construction and automotive tasks, durable.
  • Cons: Can overtighten fasteners if not used carefully, batteries and charger sold separately, loud operation.

• Loctite Threadlocker Blue 242

  • Key Features: Medium strength, removable threadlocker, prevents loosening from vibration and shock, seals threads against leakage, works on all metals.
  • Average Price: $10 – $15
  • Pros: Essential for securing bolted assemblies in high-vibration environments like a race car!, prevents costly failures, easily removable with hand tools.
  • Cons: Requires proper surface preparation, can be messy if not applied carefully.

Understanding Torque in Engineering: The UWO Formula SAE Context

What is Torque and Why is it Important?

Torque is formally defined as the product of force and the perpendicular distance from the pivot point to the line of action of the force.

Its unit is typically Newton-meters N·m or foot-pounds ft·lb. While horsepower often grabs headlines, torque is arguably more important for initial acceleration and how a vehicle “feels” when driven.

• Definition: Torque τ = Force F × Radius r.
• Relationship to Horsepower: Horsepower HP = Torque × RPM / 5252 for ft·lb. Horsepower is a measure of how much work an engine can do over time, whereas torque is the instantaneous twisting force it can produce.
• Why it’s crucial for racing:
  • Acceleration: Higher torque at lower RPMs means quicker off-the-line acceleration, crucial for autocross events in Formula SAE.
  • Traction: Too much torque delivered too quickly can break traction, leading to wheelspin. Managing torque delivery is key.
  • Drivability: A broad, flat torque curve provides better drivability and responsiveness across the RPM range, making the car easier and faster to control.
  • Component Sizing: Torque values dictate the strength requirements for drivetrain components like axles, gears, and clutches.

The Role of Powertrain Design in Torque Delivery

The UWO Formula SAE team’s success heavily relies on their powertrain design, which includes the engine, transmission, differential, and axles.

Each component plays a vital role in taking the raw torque produced by the engine and delivering it efficiently and effectively to the wheels.

• Engine Selection and Tuning: Most Formula SAE teams use single-cylinder or small multi-cylinder motorcycle engines due to weight and packaging constraints.
  • Engine Modifications: Teams often perform significant modifications, including custom intake manifolds, exhaust systems, and engine control unit ECU tuning, to optimize torque output and refine the torque curve for the specific demands of the competition.
  • Throttle Response: Tuning for crisp throttle response ensures that the driver’s input translates immediately into usable torque.
• Transmission and Gearing: The transmission allows the engine to operate within its optimal torque band across a wide range of vehicle speeds.
  • Gear Ratio Selection: Teams meticulously select gear ratios to maximize acceleration and ensure the engine operates at its most efficient RPM for different track sections.
  • Sequential Shifting: Many Formula SAE cars use sequential transmissions for rapid, precise gear changes, minimizing power loss during shifts.
• Differential: The differential distributes torque to the drive wheels.
  • Limited-Slip Differentials LSDs: Crucial for racing, LSDs manage torque distribution to prevent excessive wheelspin on one wheel, especially during cornering, thereby maximizing traction and putting more power to the ground.
  • Adjustable Differentials: Some advanced teams use differentials with adjustable lock-up percentages to fine-tune torque delivery for varying track conditions.

Advanced Torque Management Systems

Modern automotive engineering, including what’s applied in Formula SAE, goes far beyond just building a powerful engine. Earning Money Remotely

Advanced torque management systems are crucial for optimizing performance, ensuring reliability, and extracting every ounce of competitive advantage.

These systems involve complex electronic controls that regulate engine output and power delivery.

Traction Control and Launch Control

These electronic aids are indispensable in competitive racing, helping drivers manage the immense torque produced by high-performance engines.

• Traction Control: This system monitors wheel speed and, if it detects wheelspin, momentarily reduces engine torque by cutting ignition, fuel, or closing the throttle to restore traction.
  • Benefits: Prevents wheelspin, improves acceleration in low-grip conditions, enhances stability during cornering.
  • UWO Application: In Formula SAE, traction control is vital for maximizing acceleration out of corners and on the tight autocross courses, where abrupt throttle inputs can easily overwhelm the tires.
• Launch Control: Designed for optimal starts, launch control holds the engine at a specific RPM and modulates torque delivery to achieve maximum acceleration without wheelspin as the driver releases the clutch.
  • Start Line Advantage: A good launch can make or break a race, especially in events like the acceleration test in Formula SAE.
  • Precision: Removes human error from the launch process, ensuring consistent and rapid starts.

Torque Vectoring Technology

While less common in conventional Formula SAE cars due to complexity and cost, torque vectoring is a sophisticated technology that represents the pinnacle of torque management.

• How it Works: Instead of simply limiting torque, torque vectoring actively distributes varying amounts of torque to individual wheels, typically on the same axle. This is achieved through active differentials or individual electric motors in EV applications.
  • Cornering Enhancement: By sending more torque to the outer wheel in a turn and less to the inner wheel, the system can help “pivot” the car, effectively tightening the turning radius and improving cornering speed.
  • Stability Improvement: Can also improve stability during braking or off-throttle maneuvers by balancing forces across the axle.
• Potential for Formula EV: As Formula SAE shifts towards electric vehicles Formula SAE Electric, torque vectoring becomes more feasible and powerful, as individual electric motors can precisely control the torque of each wheel independently.

Material Science and Structural Integrity Under Torque Loads

When you’re pushing a vehicle to its limits, as the UWO Formula SAE team does, the materials and structural integrity of components become paramount. Muscle Gun Massager

Every part that transmits or withstands torque must be designed to handle immense stress without failing.

This involves careful material selection, robust design, and rigorous testing.

Stress and Strain in Drivetrain Components

Torque creates twisting forces that induce stress within materials.

Understanding these concepts is fundamental to preventing component failure.

• Torsional Stress: This is the shear stress caused by twisting, prominent in shafts, axles, and driveshafts.
  • Formula: Torsional Shear Stress τ = Torque × Radius / Polar Moment of Inertia.
  • Consequences of Failure: A failed axle or driveshaft means an instant loss of power to the wheels, often with catastrophic consequences during a race.
• Fatigue: Repeated application and removal of torque loads e.g., during acceleration and deceleration, or through vibrations can lead to material fatigue, where components fail at stresses far below their static yield strength.
  • Design for Fatigue Life: Engineers must consider the cyclic nature of torque loads and design components with sufficient fatigue life to withstand thousands of stress cycles.
  • Testing: Drivetrain components are often subjected to dyno testing or simulated endurance runs to identify fatigue weaknesses.

Advanced Materials for High-Torque Applications

Engineers constantly seek materials that offer a high strength-to-weight ratio and excellent fatigue resistance. Ebike Batteries Explained

• High-Strength Steels: Alloys like chromoly e.g., 4130 steel are commonly used for axles, driveshafts, and transmission gears due to their high tensile strength and toughness.
  • Heat Treatment: Specific heat treatment processes can further enhance the hardness, strength, and fatigue resistance of these steels.
• Composites Carbon Fiber: While less common for direct torque transmission in drivetrain components due to challenges in joining and stress concentration, carbon fiber is extensively used in monocoque chassis, suspension components, and aerodynamic elements.
  • Weight Reduction: The primary benefit is significant weight reduction, which improves power-to-weight ratio and reduces inertia, indirectly benefiting torque delivery.
  • Stiffness: Carbon fiber offers exceptional stiffness, contributing to a rigid chassis that can handle the torsional forces from the suspension and drivetrain without flexing.
• Aluminum Alloys: Used for components where weight is critical and torque loads are lower, such as suspension uprights, wheel hubs, or certain differential housings.
  • Forged vs. Billet: Forged aluminum parts generally offer superior strength and fatigue resistance compared to billet machined from solid block due to the grain structure imparted by the forging process.

Measurement and Testing of Torque

For a team like UWO Formula SAE, “if you can’t measure it, you can’t improve it.” Accurate measurement and rigorous testing of torque are fundamental to validating designs, optimizing performance, and troubleshooting issues.

This involves specialized equipment and sophisticated data acquisition systems.

Dynamometers and Torque Transducers

These are the primary tools for measuring torque in controlled environments.

• Engine Dynamometer Engine Dyno: This device measures the torque and horsepower output directly from the engine’s crankshaft or flywheel.
  • Tuning and Optimization: Crucial for mapping the engine’s torque curve, identifying optimal ignition timing and fuel delivery, and validating tuning changes.
  • Break-in and Reliability: Used for initial engine break-in and endurance testing to ensure reliability before installation in the vehicle.
• Chassis Dynamometer Chassis Dyno: Measures torque and horsepower at the wheels, taking into account losses through the drivetrain.
  • Real-World Performance: Provides a more realistic representation of the car’s performance as a complete system.
  • Traction and Drivetrain Efficiency: Can help evaluate the efficiency of the drivetrain and the effectiveness of traction control systems.
• Torque Transducers Torque Sensors: These devices are installed in-line with shafts or axles to measure torque directly during operation.
  • Real-Time Data: Provide real-time torque data that can be logged and analyzed to understand dynamic torque loads on components, clutch engagement, and differential behavior.
  • Strain Gauges: Many torque transducers utilize strain gauges bonded to a shaft, which deform slightly under torsional load, changing electrical resistance that is then converted to a torque reading.

Data Acquisition and Analysis

Collecting and interpreting data is as important as the physical measurements themselves.

• Telemetry Systems: Formula SAE cars often use telemetry systems to record various parameters, including engine RPM, wheel speed, throttle position, G-forces, and in some advanced cases, even torque readings from sensors.
  • Post-Run Analysis: This data is downloaded after each run or practice session and analyzed to identify areas for improvement.
  • Driver Feedback: Helps correlate driver inputs with vehicle behavior and performance.
• Simulation Software: Before even building physical components, teams use advanced simulation software e.g., MATLAB/Simulink, ADAMS Car, Ansys to model and predict torque behavior.
  • Design Validation: Allows engineers to virtually test different gear ratios, differential settings, and engine tunes without fabricating parts.
  • Optimization: Enables rapid iteration of designs and parameter optimization for various track conditions and event requirements.

Practical Applications Beyond Racing

While the UWO Formula SAE team offers a fantastic example of applying torque principles, the concepts extend far beyond the race track. Milwaukee Tracker Review

Understanding and managing torque is fundamental to countless real-world engineering and mechanical applications.

Automotive Maintenance and Repair

For anyone working on cars, trucks, or motorcycles, proper torque application is critical for safety and reliability.

• Torque Wrenches: Essential tools for tightening fasteners to specific values.
  • Avoiding Under- or Over-tightening: Under-tightening can lead to components loosening and failing e.g., wheel nuts coming off. Over-tightening can strip threads, stretch bolts, or even crack components e.g., cylinder head bolts warping the head.
  • Critical Fasteners: Engine internals, suspension components, brake caliper bolts, and wheel nuts all require precise torque settings.
• Threadlockers: Products like Loctite Threadlocker Blue 242 are used to prevent fasteners from loosening due to vibration or thermal expansion, especially in high-stress areas.
  • Medium Strength Blue: Often used for components that may need to be disassembled later with hand tools.
  • High Strength Red: Used for permanent or semi-permanent assemblies where high resistance to loosening is required and disassembly may involve heat.

Industrial and Manufacturing Settings

From assembly lines to heavy machinery, torque plays a central role in ensuring product quality, operational safety, and machine longevity.

• Assembly Automation: Robotic arms and automated fastening systems use precise torque control to ensure consistent assembly quality, preventing defects and recalls.
• Power Tools: Impact wrenches and drills are designed to deliver significant torque for various tasks. Understanding their torque ratings is crucial for selecting the right tool for the job.
• Preventative Maintenance: Regular inspection and re-torquing of fasteners on industrial equipment prevents costly downtime and extends the life of machinery.
• Turbines and Generators: In power generation, immense torque is produced by steam, gas, or wind turbines, which is then converted into electrical energy by generators. The design and maintenance of these systems are entirely dependent on managing these massive torque loads.

Educational Impact and Career Paths

The UWO Formula SAE program is more than just a racing team.

It’s a living laboratory that provides invaluable hands-on experience, preparing students for successful careers in engineering. Benefits Of Showering Before Bed

The emphasis on practical application of theoretical knowledge, especially concerning torque, is a cornerstone of this educational experience.

Skill Development for Engineering Students

Participating in a program like Formula SAE at UWO offers a unique opportunity for students to develop highly sought-after skills.

• Problem-Solving: Students face real-world engineering challenges, from optimizing engine performance to designing robust suspension systems, all requiring innovative problem-solving.
• Teamwork and Collaboration: Building a race car is a massive undertaking that requires seamless collaboration among diverse engineering disciplines mechanical, electrical, materials science, software.
• Project Management: Students learn to manage complex projects, adhere to deadlines, control budgets, and allocate resources effectively.
• Practical Application of Theory: The abstract concepts learned in lectures e.g., thermodynamics, fluid dynamics, mechanics of materials are directly applied to tangible components and systems.
• Data Analysis: Interpreting data from dyno runs, telemetry, and simulations is a critical skill for making informed design decisions.

Career Opportunities for Graduates

Graduates from programs like UWO’s with Formula SAE experience are highly desirable in various industries, not just automotive.

• Automotive Industry: Roles in powertrain engineering, chassis design, vehicle dynamics, manufacturing, and R&D at companies like Ford, GM, Tesla, and numerous automotive suppliers.
• Aerospace Industry: Design and analysis of propulsion systems, landing gear, and structural components for aircraft and spacecraft, where torque and stress management are paramount.
• Robotics and Automation: Design of robotic manipulators, automated assembly lines, and industrial machinery that rely on precise torque control and robust mechanical systems.
• Heavy Equipment: Development of machinery for construction, agriculture, and mining, where durability and high-torque capabilities are essential.
• Research and Development: Opportunities in academic or industrial research labs, pushing the boundaries of material science, propulsion, and control systems.

The UWO Formula SAE team’s journey with torque is a microcosm of engineering innovation.

It highlights how a fundamental concept like rotational force drives everything from the acceleration of a custom-built race car to the reliability of industrial machinery and the cutting edge of technological advancement. Super Novo Massage Chair By Human Touch

For these students, it’s not just about winning races.

It’s about mastering the forces that shape our mechanical world.

Frequently Asked Questions

What does UWO Torque mean in simple terms?

In simple terms, “UWO Torque” typically refers to the rotational force or twisting power generated and managed by the University of Western Ontario UWO Formula SAE Society of Automotive Engineers team’s race car. It’s about how much twisting force their engine and drivetrain can produce to accelerate the car.

What is torque in the context of an engine?

Torque in an engine is the twisting force that causes rotation.

It’s measured at the crankshaft and represents the engine’s ability to do work by turning the wheels, directly influencing acceleration and pulling power. Make Money By

How is torque measured in a vehicle?

Yes, torque is typically measured using a dynamometer dyno. An engine dyno measures torque directly at the engine’s crankshaft, while a chassis dyno measures torque at the wheels, accounting for drivetrain losses.

What is the difference between horsepower and torque?

Torque is the rotational force an engine produces, while horsepower is a measure of how much work that torque can do over time i.e., how fast the engine can do it. Torque gets you moving, and horsepower keeps you moving at speed.

Why is torque important for a Formula SAE car?

Torque is crucial for a Formula SAE car because it dictates the vehicle’s acceleration off the line and out of corners, its ability to navigate tight autocross courses, and the overall responsiveness of the powertrain.

What is a torque wrench used for?

A torque wrench is used to apply a specific, precise amount of tightening force torque to fasteners like bolts and nuts.

This prevents over-tightening which can damage parts or strip threads or under-tightening which can lead to components loosening. 27 Inch 4K G Sync Monitor

Can I use a regular wrench instead of a torque wrench for critical parts?

No, it is highly discouraged to use a regular wrench for critical parts that require specific torque settings. Using a regular wrench makes it impossible to know the exact torque applied, risking damage or failure.

What is a digital torque wrench?

A digital torque wrench provides a precise numerical reading of the torque being applied on a digital display.

It often includes audible and visual alerts when the target torque is reached, offering higher accuracy and versatility compared to click-type wrenches.

What is a limited-slip differential LSD and how does it relate to torque?

A limited-slip differential LSD is a type of differential that helps distribute torque more effectively to both drive wheels, especially when one wheel loses traction.

It limits the amount of slip between the wheels, ensuring more engine torque is put to the ground for better acceleration and handling. Cant Get To Sleep At Night

How does traction control manage torque?

Traction control systems manage torque by detecting wheelspin and then momentarily reducing engine torque e.g., by cutting ignition, fuel, or closing the throttle to restore grip.

This prevents the tires from losing traction and maximizes acceleration.

What is launch control?

Launch control is an electronic system designed to optimize vehicle acceleration from a standstill.

It typically holds the engine at a specific RPM and modulates torque delivery to the wheels to achieve maximum grip without wheelspin during the initial takeoff.

What is torque vectoring?

Torque vectoring is an advanced technology that actively distributes varying amounts of torque to individual wheels, often on the same axle. Ridgid R4222 Review

By sending more torque to the outer wheel in a turn, it helps pivot the vehicle, improving cornering performance and stability.

What kind of engines do UWO Formula SAE teams typically use?

UWO Formula SAE teams, like many others, typically use single-cylinder or small multi-cylinder motorcycle engines e.g., 450cc or 600cc due to their compact size, light weight, and high power-to-weight ratio.

How do UWO students optimize engine torque for their car?

UWO students optimize engine torque through various methods, including custom intake and exhaust manifold design, engine control unit ECU tuning, camshaft selection, and fine-tuning gear ratios to match the engine’s torque curve to the competition’s demands.

What materials are commonly used in Formula SAE drivetrains to handle torque?

Common materials used in Formula SAE drivetrains to handle torque include high-strength steel alloys like chromoly for axles and gears, and sometimes specialized aluminum alloys for other components, all chosen for their strength, toughness, and fatigue resistance.

What is torsional stress?

Torsional stress is the shear stress caused by twisting forces torque within a material. Having A Hard Time Sleeping Lately

It’s a critical consideration in designing shafts, axles, and other components that transmit rotational power, as excessive torsional stress can lead to failure.

Why is fatigue important in torque-carrying components?

Fatigue is crucial because repeated application of torque loads e.g., during acceleration and braking cycles can cause components to fail at stresses far below their static breaking point.

Engineers must design for high fatigue life to ensure reliability.

What is the purpose of a camshaft pulley holder?

A camshaft pulley holder is a specialized tool used to hold the camshaft pulley stationary when tightening or loosening the camshaft bolt.

This prevents the camshaft from rotating, allowing for proper torque application without damaging timing components. Learn How To Lucid Dream

Can impact drivers be used for precise torque applications?

No, impact drivers are generally not suitable for precise torque applications because they deliver torque in short, rapid bursts, making it difficult to control the exact tightening force. They are best for quickly driving or removing fasteners where exact torque is not critical.

Why is Loctite Threadlocker used in high-performance applications?

Loctite Threadlocker is used in high-performance applications, like racing, to prevent fasteners from loosening due to vibration, shock, or thermal expansion. It creates a strong bond that secures bolts and nuts, ensuring component integrity and preventing catastrophic failures.

What is the difference between blue and red Loctite?

Blue Loctite 242 is a medium-strength threadlocker that is generally removable with hand tools. Red Loctite 271 is a high-strength, permanent threadlocker that often requires heat or significant force for removal, making it suitable for critical, semi-permanent assemblies.

How does data acquisition help in optimizing torque?

Data acquisition systems collect real-time data on parameters like engine RPM, wheel speed, and even torque.

This data is then analyzed to identify areas where torque delivery can be improved, troubleshoot issues, and validate tuning changes, leading to better performance. Best Meat Charcoal Grill

Do Formula SAE cars use electric motors for torque?

Yes, some Formula SAE teams participate in Formula SAE Electric, which focuses on designing and building electric-powered race cars. These vehicles use electric motors to generate torque, often with advanced control systems for precise power delivery and torque vectoring.

How does the UWO Formula SAE team test their drivetrain components?

The UWO team likely tests their drivetrain components through a combination of simulation software, engine and chassis dynamometer testing, and on-track endurance runs. This helps them validate designs, measure actual torque output, and identify potential weaknesses.

What careers can UWO Formula SAE participants pursue related to torque?

UWO Formula SAE participants can pursue careers in powertrain engineering, vehicle dynamics, automotive R&D, robotics, heavy equipment design, and aerospace engineering, all of which heavily involve the principles of torque and mechanical power.

What is a “torque curve” and why is it important?

A torque curve is a graph that plots the engine’s torque output across its RPM range.

It’s important because it shows at what RPM the engine produces its peak torque and how broad or flat the torque delivery is, which influences the car’s drivability and acceleration characteristics. Jobs Online To Make Money From Home

How does suspension design influence torque delivery?

Suspension design influences torque delivery by affecting tire contact patch and weight transfer. A well-designed suspension can keep the tires firmly on the ground, maximizing grip and allowing more engine torque to be effectively translated into forward motion without wheelspin.

What is the role of an ECU in torque management?

The Engine Control Unit ECU plays a crucial role in torque management by controlling engine parameters like fuel injection, ignition timing, and throttle position.

It can be programmed to optimize torque output, implement traction control, and manage engine limits.

How does vehicle weight affect the perceived torque?

Vehicle weight significantly affects perceived torque.

A lighter vehicle will accelerate faster and feel more responsive with the same amount of engine torque, because there is less mass to accelerate Newton’s Second Law: Force = Mass × Acceleration. Best Memory Foam Mattress For Stomach Sleepers

Is torque more important for drag racing or road racing?

Both are crucial, but torque is arguably more important for drag racing as it dictates initial acceleration and the ability to launch quickly off the line. For road racing, a broad and usable torque curve across the RPM range is vital for accelerating out of corners and maintaining momentum.